News Todays 1

---

🌀 1. Wormholes (Einstein–Rosen Bridges)

🧠 Concept:

A wormhole is a hypothetical tunnel or “bridge” that connects two distant points in space and time.

• Think of space-time as a folded sheet of paper.
• A wormhole is like punching a hole through it, connecting two locations instantly.

📚 Origin:

• Predicted by Einstein and Rosen in 1935.
• Mathematically valid solutions to general relativity equations.

🔗 Types:

• Traversable wormholes: Can be passed through safely — require exotic matter with negative energy to stay open.
• Non-traversable wormholes: Collapse too quickly or are blocked.

⏳ Time Travel Possibility:

• If one end of a wormhole is moved near a black hole or accelerated to high speed (relativistic time dilation), the ends could be at different times.
• Traveling through it would be like going into the past or future — in theory.

---

🔁 2. Closed Timelike Curves (CTCs)

🧠 Concept:

A closed timelike curve is a path through space-time that loops back to the same point in time — like a circular timeline.

• It means a particle (or person) could return to their own past.
• Predicted in some solutions of general relativity (e.g., Gödel Universe, Tipler cylinders, Kerr black holes).

⛔ Problems:

• Creates paradoxes: What if you go back in time and stop yourself from being born? (Grandfather Paradox)
• Violates causality — the idea that cause comes before effect.

👨‍🔬 Status:

• Theoretically possible, but we don’t know if they can exist in reality.
• Most require infinite energy, exotic matter, or break known laws of physics.

---

🧩 Summary Table

Concept	Wormhole	Closed Timelike Curve
Shape	Tunnel-like bridge	Loop in time
Time Travel	Yes (under some conditions)	Yes (backward in time)
Requires Exotic Matter	Yes	Usually yes
Paradox Risk	Medium	High
Real Evidence	None	None

---